Selected publications
Pallikaras, V., and Shizgal, P. The Convergence Model of Brain Reward Circuitry: Implications for Relief of Treatment-Resistant Depression by Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2022, 16, Article 851067. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Pallikaras, V., Carter, F., Velázquez-Martinez, D., Arvanitogiannis, A., & Shizgal, P. The trade-off between pulse duration and power in optical excitation of midbrain dopamine neurons approximates Bloch’s law. Behavioural Brain Research, 2022, 419
[PubMed] [
Content]
Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., Solis, P., Palacios, D., & Shizgal, P. (2020) Dopamine neurons do not constitute an obligatory stage in the final common path for the evaluation and pursuit of brain stimulation reward. PLOS ONE, 2020, 15(6): e0226722 [
PubMed] [
Content]
Ahilan, S., Solomon, R.B., Breton, Y-A., Conover, K., Niyogi, R., Shizgal, P. & Dayan, P. Learning to use past evidence in a sophisticated world model.
PLOS Computational Biology, 15(6): e1007093. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Solomon, R.B., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2017) Valuation of opportunity costs by rats working for rewarding electrical brain stimulation, PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0182120. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Cossette, M-P., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2016) The neural substrates for the rewarding and dopamine-releasing effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation have partially discrepant frequency responses. Behavioural Brain Research, 297, 345-358. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Scardochio, T. Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., Shizgal, P. & Clarke, P. B. S. (2016) Phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in relation to rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9(331),1-15. [PubMed] [Content]
Solomon, R.B., Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2015) Psychophysical inference of frequency-following fidelity in the neural substrate for brain stimulation reward. Behavioural Brain Research, 292, 327-341. [PubMed] [Content]
Niyogi, R.K., Shizgal, P. & Dayan, P. (2014) Some work and some play: Microscopic and macroscopic approaches to labor and leisure. PLOS Computational Biology, 10(12):e1003894. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Breton YA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2014) The effect of probability discounting on reward seeking: a three-dimensional perspective. Front Behav Neurosci 8:284. [PubMed] [Content]
Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Shizgal P (2013) A new view of the effect of dopamine receptor antagonism on operant performance for rewarding brain stimulation in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231:1351-1364 [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Cossette MP, Conover K, Shizgal P (2012) Role of dopamine tone in the pursuit of brain stimulation reward. J Neurosci 32:11032-11041 [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (2012) Scarce means with alternative uses: Robbins’ definition of economics and its extension to the behavioral and neurobiological study of animal decision making. Front Neurosci 6:20 [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Hyman SP (2012) Motivational and addictive states. In: Principles of Neural Science, 5th edition. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (ed), McGraw-Hill, in press.ISBN-13:9780071390118, ISBN-10:0071390111
Hernandez G, Breton YA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2010) At what stage of neural processing does cocaine act to boost pursuit of rewards? PLoS ONE 5:e15081. [PubMed] [Content]Faculty of 1000 evaluation
Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (2008) The reinforcement mountain: allocation of behavior as a function of the rate and intensity of rewarding brain stimulation. Behav Neurosci 122:1126-1138. [PubMed] [Content]
Ludvig EA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2007) The effects of reinforcer magnitude on timing in rats. J Exp Anal Behav 87:201-218. [PubMed] [Content]
Conover K, Shizgal P (2005) Employing labor supply theory to measure the reward value of electrical brain stimulation. Games Econ Behav 52:283-304. [Content]
Breiter HC, Aharon I, Kahneman D, Dale A, Shizgal P (2001) Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron 30:619-639. [PubMed] [Content]
Fulton S, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2000) Modulation of brain reward circuitry by leptin. Science 287:125-128. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (1997) Neural basis of utility estimation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7:198-208. [PubMed] [Content] [Cogprint]
Shizgal P, Conover K (1996) On the neural computation of utility. Current Directions in Psychological Science 5:37-43. [Cogprint]
Arvanitogiannis A, Waraczynski M, Shizgal P (1996) Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain on MFB self-stimulation. Physiol Behav 59:795-806. [PubMed] [Content]
Conover KL, Shizgal P (1994) Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. Behav Neurosci 108:537-548. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Schindler D, Rompre PP (1989) Forebrain neurons driven by rewarding stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat: comparison of psychophysical and electrophysiological estimates of refractory periods. Brain Res 499:234-248. [PubMed] [Content]
Bielajew C, Shizgal P (1986) Evidence implicating descending fibers in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. J Neurosci 6:919-929. [PubMed] [Content]
Gallistel CR, Shizgal P, Yeomans JS (1981) A portrait of the substrate for self-stimulation. Psychol Rev 88:228-273. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Bielajew C, Corbett D, Skelton R, Yeomans J (1980) Behavioral methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites. J Comp Physiol Psychol 94:227-237. [PubMed] [Content]
Complete publication list
Pallikaras, V., and Shizgal, P. Dopamine and Beyond: Implications of Psychophysical Studies of Intracranial Self-Stimulation for the Treatment of Depression, Brain Sciences, 2022, 12(8), Article 1052, https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/8/1052
Pallikaras, V., and Shizgal, P. The Convergence Model of Brain Reward Circuitry: Implications for Relief of Treatment-Resistant Depression by Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Medial Forebrain Bundle. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2022, 16, Article 851067.
[PubMed][Content]
Pallikaras, V., Carter, F., Velázquez-Martinez, D., Arvanitogiannis, A., & Shizgal, P. The trade-off between pulse duration and power in optical excitation of midbrain dopamine neurons approximates Bloch’s law. Behavioural Brain Research, 2022, 419
[PubMed] [Content]
Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., Solis, P., Palacios, D., & Shizgal, P. (2020) Dopamine neurons do not constitute an obligatory stage in the final common path for the evaluation and pursuit of brain stimulation reward. PLOS ONE, 2020, 15(6): e0226722 [PubMed] [Content]
Evangelista, C, Hantson, A, Shams, W.M., Almey, A, Pileggi, M, Voisard, J.R., Boulos, V, Al‐qadr, Y., Gonzalez Cautela, BV., Zhou, FX., Duchemin, J, Habrich, A, Tito, N, Koumrouyan, RA., Patel, S, Lorenc, V, Gagne, C, El Oufi, K, Shizgal, P. & Brake, W.G. (2019) The priming effect of food persists following blockade of dopamine receptors. European Journal of Neuroscience, ejn.14531 [
PubMed] [
Content]
Ahilan, S., Solomon, R.B., Breton, Y-A., Conover, K., Niyogi, R., Shizgal, P. & Dayan, P. (2019) Learning to use past evidence in a sophisticated world model. PLOS Computational Biology,
15(6): e1007093 [
PubMed] [
Content]
Shams, W.M., Cossette, M.-P., Shizgal, P., & Brake, W. (2018) 17β-estradiol locally increases phasic dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Neuroscience Letters, 665, 29-32. [PubMed] [
Content]
Solomon, R.B., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2017) Valuation of opportunity costs by rats working for rewarding electrical brain stimulation, PLoS ONE, 12(8): e0182120. [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez, G., Cossette, M-P., Shizgal, P., & Rompré, P-P. (2016) Decreased dopamine release correlated with increased reward seeking: a case for NMDA receptor blockade-induced depolarization inactivation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(161). [PubMed] [Content]
Scardochio, T. Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., Shizgal, P. & Clarke, P. B. S. (2016) Phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in relation to rat 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 9:00331. [PubMed] [Content]
Reynolds, L.M., Gifuni, A.D..McCrea, E.T., Shizgal, P. , & Flores, C. (2016) dcc haploinsufficiency during development results in altered sensitivity to cocaine enhancement of reward seeking. Behavioural Brain Research, 298, 27-31. [
PubMed] [
Content]
Cossette, M-P., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2016) The neural substrates for the rewarding and dopamine-releasing effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation have partially discrepant frequency responses. Behavioural Brain Research, 297, 345-358. [PubMed] [Content]
Solomon, R.B., Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Conover, K., & Shizgal, P. (2015) Psychophysical inference of frequency-following fidelity in the neural substrate for brain stimulation reward. Behavioural Brain Research, 292: 327-341. [PubMed] [Content]
Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Sanio, C., Chaudhri, N., & Shizgal, P. (2015) Robust optical fiber patch-cords for in vivo optogenetic experiments in rats. MethodsX, 2:263-271. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Hernandez G (2015) Intracranial self-stimulation. In: Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 2nd edition, Stolerman IP (ed), 838-845, Spinger-Verlag, ISBN: 978-3-642-36171-5, 978-3-642-36172-2.
Shizgal P (2015) Brain stimulation reward. In: International Encyclopedia of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, James D. Wright (ed), 841–846, Elsevier, ISBN: 9780080970868.
Niyogi, R.K., Shizgal, P. & Dayan, P. (2014) Some work and some play: Microscopic and macroscopic approaches to labor and leisure. PLOS Computational Biology, 10(12):e1003894. [PubMed] [Content]
Breton YA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2014) The effect of probability discounting on reward seeking: a three-dimensional perspective. Front Behav Neurosci 8:284. [PubMed] [Content]
Niyogi RK, Breton YA, Solomon RB, Conover K, Shizgal P, Dayan P (2014) Optimal indolence: a normative microscopic approach to work and leisure. J R Soc Interface 11:20130969 [PubMed] [Content]
Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Shizgal P (2013) A new view of the effect of dopamine receptor antagonism on operant performance for rewarding brain stimulation in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231:1351-1364 [PubMed][Content]
Breton YA, Mullett A, Conover K, Shizgal P (2013) Validation and extension of the reward-mountain model. Front Behav Neurosci 7:125 [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Cossette MP, Conover K, Shizgal P (2012) Role of dopamine tone in the pursuit of brain stimulation reward. J Neurosci 32:11032-11041 [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (2012) Scarce means with alternative uses: Robbins’ definition of economics and its extension to the behavioral and neurobiological study of animal decision making. Front Neurosci 6:20 [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Hyman SP (2012) Motivational and addictive states. In: Principles of Neural Science, 5th edition. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (ed), McGraw-Hill, in press.ISBN-13:9780071390118, ISBN-10:0071390111
Trujillo-Pisanty I, Hernandez G, Moreau-Debord I, Cossette, MP, Conover K, Cheer JF, Shizgal P (2011) Cannabinoid receptor blockade reduces the opportunity cost at which rats maintain operant performance for rewarding brain stimulation.J Neurosci 31:5426-5435 [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Breton YA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2010) At what stage of neural processing does cocaine act to boost pursuit of rewards? PLoS ONE 5:e15081. [PubMed] [Content]Faculty of 1000 evaluation
Shizgal P, Hernandez G (2010) Intracranial self-stimulation. In: Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, Stolerman IP (ed), Spinger-Verlag, p. 653-660. [Content]
Breton YA, Marcus JC, Shizgal P (2009) Rattus Psychologicus: construction of preferences by self-stimulating rats. Behav Brain Res 202:77-91. [PubMed][Content]
Hernandez G, Shizgal P (2009) Dynamic changes in dopamine tone during self-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in rats. Behav Brain Res 198:91-97. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (2009) Answers to five questions about the neural basis of pleasure. In: Pleasures of the Brain. Berridge K, Kringelbach ML (ed), Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 7-9,17-18,20.
Shizgal P (2009) Urgency. In: Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences. Sander D, Scherer, KR (ed), Oxford University Press, p. 400.
Shizgal P (2009) Reward decision-making. In: Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. Squire LR (ed), Elsevier, p. 313-318. [Abstract & Outline]
Hernandez G, Haines E, Shizgal P (2008) Potentiation of intracranial self-stimulation during prolonged subcutaneous infusion of cocaine. J Neurosci Methods 175:79-87. [PubMed] [Content]
Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (2008) The reinforcement mountain: allocation of behavior as a function of the rate and intensity of rewarding brain stimulation. Behav Neurosci 122:1126-1138. [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Rajabi H, Stewart J, Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (2008) Dopamine tone increases similarly during predictable and unpredictable administration of rewarding brain stimulation at short inter-train intervals. Behav Brain Res 188:227-232. [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Haines E, Rajabi H, Stewart J, Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (2007) Predictable and unpredictable rewards produce similar changes in dopamine tone. Behav Neurosci 121:887-895. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (2007) Neural mechanisms of reward. In: Foraging. Stephens DW, Brown JS, Ydenberg RC (ed), University of Chicago Press, p. 79-86.
Ludvig EA, Conover K, Shizgal P (2007) The effects of reinforcer magnitude on timing in rats. J Exp Anal Behav 87:201-218. [PubMed] [Content]
Fulton S, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2006) Potentiation of brain stimulation reward by weight loss: evidence for functional heterogeneity in brain reward circuitry. Behav Brain Res 174:56-63. [PubMed] [Content]
Hernandez G, Hamdani S, Rajabi H, Conover K, Stewart J, Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (2006) Prolonged rewarding stimulation of the rat medial forebrain bundle: neurochemical and behavioral consequences. Behav Neurosci 120:888-904. [PubMed] [Content] (Featured article: commentary on pp 992-994). Faculty of 1000 evaluation
Conover K, Shizgal P (2005) Employing labor supply theory to measure the reward value of electrical brain stimulation. Games Econ Behav 52:283-304. [Content]
Fulton S, Richard D, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2004) Food restriction and leptin impact brain reward circuitry in lean and obese Zucker rats. Behav Brain Res 155:319-329. [PubMed] [Content]
Sonnenschein B, Conover K, Shizgal P (2003) Growth of brain stimulation reward as a function of duration and stimulation strength. Behav Neurosci 117:978-994. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Arvanitogiannis A (2003) Gambling on dopamine. Science 299:1856-1858. [PubMed] [Content]
Fulton S, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2003) Energy balance and reward. In: Progress in Obesity Research: 9. Medeiros-Neto G, Halpern A, Bouchard C (ed), London: John Libbey, p. 818-821.
Fulton S, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2002) Does neuropeptide Y contribute to the modulation of brain stimulation reward by chronic food restriction? Behav Brain Res 134:157-164. [PubMed] [Content]
Fulton S, Richard D, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2002) Interaction of CRH and energy balance in the modulation of brain stimulation reward. Behav Neurosci 116:651-659. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Fulton S, Woodside B (2001) Brain reward circuitry and the regulation of energy balance. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25 Suppl 5:S17-S21. [PubMed] [Content]
Conover KL, Fulton S, Shizgal P (2001) Operant tempo varies with reinforcement rate: implications for measurement of reward efficacy. Behav Processes 56:85-101. [PubMed] [Content]
Breiter HC, Aharon I, Kahneman D, Dale A, Shizgal P (2001) Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron 30:619-639. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (2001) Brain stimulation reward. In: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Smelser NJ, Baltes PB (Eds.), Elsevier, pp 1358-1362, ISBN: 978-0-08-043076-8. [Content]
Fulton S, Woodside B, Shizgal P (2000) Modulation of brain reward circuitry by leptin. Science 287:125-128. [PubMed] [Content]
Arvanitogiannis A, Tzschentke TM, Riscaldino L, Wise RA, Shizgal P (2000) Fos expression following self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 107:123-132. [PubMed] [Content]
Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (1999) Early onset of demyelination after N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. Behav Brain Res 104:89-93. [PubMed] [Content]
Arvanitogiannis A, Riscaldino L, Shizgal P (1999) Effects of NMDA lesions of the medial basal forebrain on LH and VTA self-stimulation. Physiol Behav 65:805-810. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (1999) Motivation. In: The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Wilson RA, Keil F (ed), Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, p. 566-568.
Shizgal P (1999) On the neural computation of utility: implications from studies of brain stimulation reward. In: Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology. Kahneman D, Diener E, Schwarz N (ed), New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1999, pp 502-526. [Cogprint]
Arvanitogiannis A, Flores C, Shizgal P (1997) Fos-like immunoreactivity in the caudal diencephalon and brainstem following lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. Behav Brain Res 88:275-279. [PubMed] [Content]
Flores C, Arvanitogiannis A, Shizgal P (1997) Fos-like immunoreactivity in forebrain regions following self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and the ventral tegmental area. Behav Brain Res 87:239-251. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (1997) Neural basis of utility estimation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 7:198-208. [PubMed] [Content] [Cogprint]
Shizgal P (1996) The Janus faces of addiction. Behav Brain Sci 19:595-596. [Abstract]
Woodside B, Renaudin A, Shizgal P (1996) Administration of ovarian steroid hormones does not change the reward effectiveness of lateral hypothalamic stimulation in ovariectomized rats. Psychobiology 24:202-210. [Content]
Arvanitogiannis A, Flores C, Pfaus JG, Shizgal P (1996) Increased ipsilateral expression of Fos following lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation. Brain Res 720:148-154. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Conover K (1996) On the neural computation of utility. Current Directions in Psychological Science 5:37-43. [Cogprint]
Arvanitogiannis A, Waraczynski M, Shizgal P (1996) Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basal forebrain on MFB self-stimulation. Physiol Behav 59:795-806. [PubMed] [Content]
Murray B, Shizgal P (1996) Behavioral measures of conduction velocity and refractory period for reward-relevant axons in the anterior LH and VTA. Physiol Behav 59:643-652. [PubMed] [Content]
Murray B, Shizgal P (1996) Physiological measures of conduction velocity and refractory period for putative reward-relevant MFB axons arising in the rostral MFB. Physiol Behav 59:427-437. [PubMed] [Content]
Murray B, Shizgal P (1996) Attenuation of medial forebrain bundle reward by anterior lateral hypothalamic lesions. Behav Brain Res 75:33-47. [PubMed][Content]
Waraczynski M, Shizgal P (1995) Self-stimulation of the MFB following parabrachial lesions. Physiol Behav 58:559-566. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Murray B (1994) The collision test: inference of axonal linkage and estimation of conduction velocity from behavioural or physiological effects of paired-pulse stimulation. Neuroscience Protocols, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, 94-010-04, pp. 1-19.
Murray B, Shizgal P (1994) Evidence implicating both slow- and fast-conducting fibers in the rewarding effect of medial forebrain bundle stimulation. Behav Brain Res 63:47-60. [PubMed] [Content]
Dib B, Rompre PP, Amir S, Shizgal P (1994) Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is activated by electrical stimulation of the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Brain Res 650:149-152. [PubMed] [Content]
Conover KL, Shizgal P (1994) Differential effects of postingestive feedback on the reward value of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats. Behav Neurosci 108:559-572. [PubMed] [Content]
Conover KL, Woodside B, Shizgal P (1994) Effects of sodium depletion on competition and summation between rewarding effects of salt and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. Behav Neurosci 108:549-558. [PubMed][Content]
Conover KL, Shizgal P (1994) Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat. Behav Neurosci 108:537-548. [PubMed] [Content]
Forgie ML, Shizgal P (1993) Mapping the substrate for brain stimulation reward by means of current-number trade-off functions. Behav Neurosci 107:506-524. [PubMed] [Content]
Druhan JP, Levy M, Shizgal P (1993) Effects of varying reinforcement schedule, reward current, and pretrial priming stimulation on discrete-trial performance for brain stimulation reward. Psychobiology 21:37-42. [Content]
Waraczynski M, Conover K, Shizgal P (1992) Rewarding effectiveness of caudal MFB stimulation is unaltered following DMH lesions. Physiol Behav 52:211-218. [PubMed] [Content]
Murray B, Shizgal P (1991) Anterolateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle increase the frequency threshold for self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area in the rat. Psychobiology 19:135-146. [Content]
Shizgal P, Conover K, Schindler D (1991) Medial forebrain bundle units in the rat: dependence of refractory period estimates on pulse duration. Behav Brain Res 42:151-160. [PubMed] [Content]
Waraczynski M, Ton MN, Shizgal P (1990) Failure of amygdaloid lesions to increase the threshold for self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area. Behav Brain Res 40:159-168. [PubMed] [Content]
Kiss I, Shizgal P (1990) Compound action potentials recorded in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, and periaqueductal gray following rewarding stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the rat. Psychobiology 18:205-214. [Content]
Kiss I, Shizgal P (1989) Improved artifact rejection and isolation of compound action potentials by means of digital subtraction. J Neurosci Methods 30:219-229. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Schindler D, Rompre PP (1989) Forebrain neurons driven by rewarding stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat: comparison of psychophysical and electrophysiological estimates of refractory periods. Brain Res 499:234-248. [PubMed] [Content]
Amir S, Shizgal P, Rompre PP (1989) Glutamate injection into the suprachiasmatic nucleus stimulates brown fat thermogenesis in the rat. Brain Res 498:140-144. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P (1989) Toward a cellular analysis of intracranial self-stimulation: contributions of collision studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 13:81-90. [PubMed][Content]
Shizgal P, Murray B (1989) Neuronal basis of intracranial self-stimulation. In: The Neuropharmacological Basis of Reward. Liebman JM, Cooper SJ (ed), Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 106-163.
Shizgal P, Bielajew C, Rompre PP (1988) Quantitative characteristics of the directly stimulated neurons subserving self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle: Psychophysical inference and electrophysiological measurement. In: Quantitative Analyses of Behavior. Biological Determinants of Behavior. Volume VII. Commons ML, Church RM, Stellar JR, Wagner AR (ed), Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 59-85.
Bielajew C, Shizgal P (1986) Evidence implicating descending fibers in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. J Neurosci 6:919-929. [PubMed][Content]
Rompre PP, Shizgal P (1986) Electrophysiological characteristics of neurons in forebrain regions implicated in self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat. Brain Res 364:338-349. [PubMed] [Content]
Macmillan CJ, Simantirakis P, Shizgal P (1985) Self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and ventrolateral tegmentum: excitability characteristics of the directly stimulated substrates. Physiol Behav 35:711-723. [PubMed]"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(85)90401-9" target="_top">[Content]
Schenk S, Prince C, Shizgal P (1985) Spatio-temporal integration in the substrate for self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex. Physiol Behav 35:303-306. [PubMed] [Content]
Schenk S, Shizgal P (1985) The substrates for self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and medial prefrontal cortex: a comparison of strength-duration characteristics. Physiol Behav 34:943-949. [PubMed] [Content]
Blair R, Switzman L, Sinyor D, Chazin W, Cytryniak H, Rogan F, Shizgal P, Amit Z (1982) Lithium and ion chelators mimicked morphine in the production of explosive motor behavior. Behav Neural Biol 35:408-416. [PubMed] [Content]
Bielajew C, Shizgal P (1982) Behaviorally derived measures of conduction velocity in the substrate for rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation. Brain Res 237:107-119. [PubMed] [Content]
Schenk S, Shizgal P (1982) The substrates for lateral hypothalamic and medial pre-frontal cortex self-stimulation have different refractory periods and show poor spatial summation. Physiol Behav 28:133-138. [PubMed] [Content]
Bielajew C, Lapointe M, Kiss I, Shizgal P (1982) Absolute and relative refractory periods of the substrates for lateral hypothalamic and ventral midbrain self-stimulation. Physiol Behav 28:125-132. [PubMed] [Content]
Shizgal P, Kiss I, Bielajew C (1982) Psychophysical and electrophysiological studies of the substrate for brain stimulation reward. In: The Neural Basis of Feeding and Reward. Hoebel BG, Novin D (ed), Brunswick, ME: Haer Institute, p. 419-429.
Schenk S, Coupal A, Williams T, Shizgal P (1981) A within-subject comparison of the effects of morphine on lateral hypothalamic and central gray self-stimulation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 15:37-41. [PubMed] [Content]
Bielajew C, Jordan C, Ferme-Enright J, Shizgal P (1981) Refractory periods and anatomical linkage of the substrates for lateral hypothalamic and periaqueductal gray self-stimulation. Physiol Behav 27:95-104. [PubMed][Content]
Gallistel CR, Shizgal P, Yeomans JS (1981) A portrait of the substrate for self-stimulation. Psychol Rev 88:228-273. [PubMed] [Content]
Skelton RW, Shizgal P (1980) Parametric analysis of ON- and OFF- responding for hypothalamic stimulation. Physiol Behav 25:699-706. [PubMed] [Content]
Bielajew C, Shizgal P (1980) Dissociation of the substrates for medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation and stimulation-escape using a two-electrode stimulation technique. Physiol Behav 25:707-711. [PubMed][Content]
Shizgal P, Bielajew C, Corbett D, Skelton R, Yeomans J (1980) Behavioral methods for inferring anatomical linkage between rewarding brain stimulation sites. J Comp Physiol Psychol 94:227-237. [PubMed] [Content]
Blair R, Cytryniak H, Shizgal P, Amit Z (1980) Heroin, but not levorphanol, produces explosive motor behavior in naloxone-treated rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 69:313-314. [PubMed] [Content]
Schenk S, Williams T, Coupal A, Shizgal P (1980) A comparison between the effects of morphine on the rewarding and aversive properties of lateral hypothalamic and central gray stimulation. Physiol Psych 8:372-378. [Content]
Amir S, Blair R, Shizgal P, Amit Z (1979) Dual mechanism mediating opiate effects? Science 205:424-425. [PubMed] [Content]
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