Professional references
Learn how to request professional references to support your job search or academic applications.
Choosing your references
When asking for references, choose people who can speak clearly and positively about your skills, work ethics and character.
Strong references include supervisors (current or former), professors or instructors, coaches, and internship, research, or volunteer supervisors.
Aim for two or three strong references when applying for jobs.
A professional reference should:
- know your work well
- be able to provide specific examples of your successes
- have supervised or evaluated you
- speak about your work positively and professionally
Avoid friends, family members and people who don’t know your work well.
Asking for a reference
Always ask for permission before listing someone as a reference! If significant time has passed since you last asked, make sure to check again. This is also a good opportunity to refresh their memory of your work and ensure that the contact information you previously had is up to date.
When asking for a reference:
- Ask in advance (as much as possible)
- Let them know the types of roles you’re applying for
- Confirm they are comfortable providing a strong and positive reference
- Share helpful context like your resumé, goals, or concrete examples of the work you did under their supervision and the impact it had.
Taking these steps ensures your reference is prepared and supportive.
Sharing your references
Do not include references on your resumé. Instead, prepare a separate document with your references.
Include their name, title, organization, professional relationship to you, email and phone number.
Share this document only when requested or after an interview. Having a polished reference sheet ready demonstrates professionalism.
Maintaining relationships with your references
Your references are part of your professional network. It's important to keep these connections strong!
You might send updates on your job search or academic progress and inform them if they may be contacted.
Remember to send appreciation for their support. A simple thank you goes a long way.
