PhD Oral Exam - Xiu Wu, Business Administration

When studying for a doctoral degree (PhD), candidates submit a thesis that provides a critical review of the current state of knowledge of the thesis subject as well as the student’s own contributions to the subject. The distinguishing criterion of doctoral graduate research is a significant and original contribution to knowledge.

Once accepted, the candidate presents the thesis orally. This oral exam is open to the public.

Abstract

In two essays, this dissertation aims to explain the complex impact of self-quantification on consumer well-being related to body image. It also proposes interventions to mitigate its negative influence while preserving its benefits.

Given that the impact of self-quantification on self-objectification remains empirically understudied, the first essay addresses this gap by identifying conditions that amplify this relationship. Drawing on self-determination and internalization theories (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2002; Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997), two cross-sectional studies reveal that self-quantification is positively associated with self-objectification, particularly among individuals with low levels of controlled motivation (i.e., motivation driven by external or internal pressure). Moreover, appearance-ideal internalization mediates this relationship, suggesting that self-quantification may trigger the internalization of societal beauty standards, which in turn fosters self-objectification. These findings provide insights into the psychological consequences of self-quantification and offer practical implications for technology developers aiming to balance its benefits and risks for consumer well-being.

Building on the mixed findings in the literature, the second essay investigates the dual effects of self-quantification on body-image related well-being through the lens of objective self-awareness theory (Duval & Wicklund, 1972; Silvia & Duval, 2001). It also evaluates the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing its adverse effects. A cross-sectional study shows that data interpretation tendency moderates the relationship between self-quantification and worsening body image, such that individuals with high self-criticism or low self-knowledge are more likely to experience greater body shame and appearance anxiety. Furthermore, two longitudinal experiments demonstrate that the proposed intervention (i.e., focus on emotions following exercise or dietary self-quantification) reduces negative outcomes (e.g., contingent self-worth, body shame, and appearance anxiety) while enhancing positive outcomes, including body appreciation and self-compassion. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on self-quantification by offering theoretical insights into its complex psychological effects and by proposing practical strategies to promote greater consumer well-being.

Overall, this dissertation advances understanding of the complex impact of self-quantification on consumer well-being associated with body image and provides actionable strategies for consumers and developers of self-quantification technologies to promote health and well-being.