Represent significant, original work in theoretical or applied research, usually at the graduate level. Students can gain experience leading a research project while preparing for future academic work or research-related careers.

An approach that involves the participation of the community in order to co-develop research programs for the purpose of taking action.

Offer students the opportunity to gain research experience by participating in projects or studies conducted by faculty members, university-affiliated research centres and groups, or university administration. Students may also co-author papers with members of the project team, present at conferences, or conduct independent research.

Can include research, participatory research, or research-creation work that accompanies undergraduate coursework and prepares students for graduate studies or careers in research.