Bitcoin, the largest and best-known cryptocurrency, has always been shrouded in mystery — it’s still not known who really created it. However, it is well documented that Bitcoin requires an extraordinary amount of energy to produce, is clumsy to use as a currency, and its value is collapsing.
It is all of these things, agrees David Morris, a professor in Concordia’s Department of Philosophy. Bitcoin works this way, he says, because it is built on a distrust of humans, human institutions and governments.
In a recent opinion piece in the journal AI & Society, Morris argues that Bitcoin requires an enormous amount of energy to create a currency that can bypass trust in banks, governments or other people.
Bitcoin is a “trustless” system. The details can be difficult to understand but essentially, it depends upon intense computation (“mining”) to validate and approve transactions. Instead of relying on human trust, it is secured through huge expenditures of energy and computing time.
Some studies say Bitcoin mining uses around as much energy as Ireland (pop. 4.8 million), and will only need more.
“It’s inherently wasteful,” says Morris.
That wastefulness cascades into other problems. Bitcoin’s energy costs drive miners to compete for cheaper ways of mining. And that could spell trouble, since a mining consortium that outpowers others could cheat — so Bitcoin needs to keep ramping up energy costs.
It also leads to “a market for producing the currency itself,” says Morris.
“At the same time, because Bitcoin isn’t directly linked to economic productivity or people paying taxes, this opens the way to quite profound speculation, where you see the value of the currency shooting up and down. I don’t think anybody has really thought about how this would all work.”