PhD Oral Exam - Georgeana Bobos-Kristof, Individualized Program

When studying for a doctoral degree (PhD), candidates submit a thesis that provides a critical review of the current state of knowledge of the thesis subject as well as the student’s own contributions to the subject. The distinguishing criterion of doctoral graduate research is a significant and original contribution to knowledge.

Once accepted, the candidate presents the thesis orally. This oral exam is open to the public.

Abstract

In this study we give an account of a teaching experiment on fractions to prospective elementary teachers, which took place in winter 2014 in a Teaching Mathematics course in an Elementary Education undergraduate program at a North-American university. The experiment was an adaptation for teacher education of the “Measurement Approach” to teaching fractions developed by the psychologist V.V. Davydov for the elementary mathematics curriculum (Davydov & Tsvetkovich, 1991).
The research had the characteristics of a design experiment, with a phase of reflection on the sources of meaning of fractions appropriate for the elementary school, as well as preliminary trials with one year before (winter 2013) preceding the implementation of the experiment in a “mature form.” We had two overarching goals in the design conception: fostering future teachers’ quantitative reasoning and cultivating a positioning relative to the course institution that is more conducive to accepting the approach – that of university students acquiring theoretical knowledge. In the description and the retrospective analysis of the teaching intervention we follow the realization of these goals at three levels: the overall organization of the material and tasks in the course by the instructor, the classroom interactions between the instructor and the students in lectures, and individual reasoning without mediation by the instructor.

We found that the Measurement Approach encouraged a culture of systemic justification in the classroom with some students adopting flexibly and creatively the proposed models of reasoning within a given theory. However, the risk of students’ imitating only certain aspects of these models – such as words, sentence structures, or procedures – ran high, with many students using the theory only as “decoration”, without adequate understanding. Furthermore, although spontaneous engagement with quantitative reasoning for establishing validity of statements about fractions or for explaining realistic problems was rare, it was present in several students, in encouraging forms. Very few students adopted such reasoning, but those who did, exhibited sophisticated and varied strategies for solving problems, which demonstrated robust understanding of the fraction of quantity theory.